Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus that can infect the cervix, vagina, and vulva in the female genital tract and cause disease in these regions. There are more than 200 HPV viruses. However, 41 of them are HPV that cause disease only in the genital area.
There are many subtypes of the virus, but when evaluated from an oncogenic (cancer-causing) point of view, they are divided into two categories: low-risk and high-risk.
The most common of the low-risk ones are HPV types 6 and 11, and they usually cause warts in the genital area.
Those with high risk (HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, etc.) attach to the female genital system, most frequently at the cervix, less often at the vulva and vagina, and can cause more first pre-invasive diseases (CIN 1-2-3) and then cancer. Not every infection turns into cancer, the virus has to become permanent and multiply causing changes in the tissues. This course usually takes place over years. A very important part of HPV infections will be eliminated by our body’s immune system.
There are 2 ways to find out if you have an HPV infection; firstly, you are experiencing the appearance of genital warts and secondly, you have abnormal changes in the analysis of the cell sample (smear) or the HPV screening test was positive.
What should you do after being diagnosed with HPV?
What are genital warts?
What are the methods of protection against HPV?
The HPV vaccine
What is colposcopy?
Who should have a colposcopy?
Urinary incontinence is an involuntary loss of urine that occurs beyond a person’s control and creates a social and hygiene problem. About half of women experience urinary incontinence during their lifetime.
Urinary incontinence is not a natural phenomenon that comes with aging. Many women prefer to endure this problem rather than seek help because they believe that there is no cure for urinary incontinence. There are treatment options that will completely eliminate or at least reduce urinary incontinence depending on each age group and patient characteristics.
What are the causes of urinary incontinence?
– Age. The risk is increased in older women.
– Pregnancy. It is more common in women who have had a normal birth.
– Menopause. The risk increases during menopause.
– Weakness of the pelvic floor muscles.
– Obesity
– Smoking
– Systemic diseases such as diabetes (diabetes mellitus) and kidney diseases.
What are the types of urinary incontinence?
Treatment
Surgical treatment
Urinary incontinence
“As a physician, and more importantly, as a person who dedicates his life to the health and well-being of others, I strongly believe in the power of healing through compassion, expertise, and innovation.
In this medical journey, my goal is not only to provide cutting-edge treatments, but also to be with you, my patients, as a guide and supporter. I want to assure you that in every decision we make together, your interest always comes first.
Thank you for trusting me and being a part of this journey. ”
With respect and dedication,
Dr. Daragiu Ada
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